云模式中气溶胶物理过程参数化方案研究概述   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

刘校辰  刘奇俊 《气象》2006,32(6):3-12

介绍了大气气溶胶的浓度、气溶胶的谱形等物理性质对云的微物理过程造成的影响以及目前云模式中常用到的一些气溶胶物理过程的体积水、分档等参数化方案，并评述了这些参数化方案各自的特点。提出了在设计气溶胶物理过程参数化方案时需要注意和有待解决的几个问题，建议在设计气溶胶-云相互作用的模式时，要根据不同的研究目的选择合适的参数化方案。  相似文献   

国内外气溶胶观测网络发展进展及相关科学计划   总被引：16，自引：6，他引：16  

延昊  矫梅燕  毕宝贵  刘桂清 《气象科学》2006,26(1):110-117

气溶胶是气候变化研究中的一个极大的不确定性因素,国内外在此方面开展了大量的观测和科学研究。本文首先对当前全球两大气溶胶观测网络,世界气象组织(WMO)的全球大气观测计划(GAW)和气溶胶自动观测网(AERONET)的组织、规模、设备、数据和气溶胶网络的规范作了介绍,并对近年来国际上的重大气溶胶科学计划的目标、实验方法、步骤作了介绍,说明观测网络的重要性。在此基础上对中国气溶胶观测网络的地位做了分析,并指出其在正在开展的中国气溶胶科学研究中的重要性。  相似文献   

大城市气溶胶对光化辐射通量及臭氧的影响研究(Ⅰ)——国内外研究现状与观测事实述评   总被引：3，自引：7，他引：3  

邓雪娇  吴兑  铁学熙  李菲  谭浩波  毕雪岩 《广东气象》2006,(3):10-17

介绍了气溶胶对光化辐射通量及臭氧的影响研究的国内外动态,分析了广州城市气溶胶对紫外线及臭氧影响的观测实例,说明了大气气溶胶与臭氧变化规律及其相互作用机制研究已成为大气化学研究领域具有重要理论和实用价值的前沿课题。  相似文献   

沙尘气溶胶对西北地区植被遥感的影响分析     

张杰  郭铌  郝志毅 《高原气象》2006,25(1):116-122

选取扬沙—浮尘天气发生中、后的对地观测卫星EOS-MODIS数据,利用6S辐射传输模式对该卫星资料进行大气订正,分析了沙尘气溶胶对沙尘多发区的西北地区植被指数(VI)遥感的影响。结果表明,与晴空天气得到的反射率相比,沙尘使红光通道反射率ρ1、近红外通道反射率ρ2和蓝光通道反射率ρ3均增加,归一化植被指数NDVI有不同程度的降低,降低最大值为0.246。抗大气植被指数ARVI也有所降低,降低最大值为0.231。应用晴空天气条件下的资料,建立了西北干旱区ARVI与NDVI之间的线性关系,并证明了在沙尘天气条件下,利用ARVI计算NDVI的方法,所得的结果较好。  相似文献   

Characteristics of Aerosol Ionic Compositions in Summer 2003 at Lin''''an of Yangtze Delta Region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

YAN Peng  ZHANG Yangmei  YANG Dongzhen  TANG Jie  ZHOU Xiuji 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2006,20(3):374-382

With the size-resolved aerosol mass and ion composition data obtained at Lin'an regional atmospheric pollution monitoring station in July 2003, the size distributions of aerosol mass and ionic components, and the correlations between major ion pairs were analyzed. The primary results indicate that in the period of in-situ measurement, the aerosols are mainly composed of fine particles. The mass of aerosols with size less than 2.1μm accounts for 66% of the total mass of all size ranges, in which about 50% of the mass is contributed by the particles with size less than 0.65μm. Similar to the size distributions of aerosol mass, the water-soluble ions are mainly concentrated in the size range of <0.65μm, accounting for about 77% of the sum of analyzed ions, and the ions within the range of <2.1μm reach 88%. The sulfate, ammonium, and potassium are the dominant ionic components in fine particles (particle size less than 2.1μm). Ion correlation analysis suggests that the sulfates in fine particles are mostly in the compounds of (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4, and K2SO4, but for submicron particles the sulfates are mainly in the form of (NH4)2SO4.  相似文献   

大气臭氧总量的经验计算方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

白建辉 《南京气象学院学报》2006,29(6):799-805

依据臭氧生消与紫外辐射(UV)能量利用相互作用的观点,考虑与臭氧有关的主要因子UV、大气中物质在化学和光化学反应中对UV能量的吸收、气溶胶粒子的散射等,在分析1990—1992年臭氧总量、太阳辐射、气象资料的基础上,建立了计算臭氧总量的经验模式,其优点是所用资料均可由常规气象站获得。结果表明,计算值与观测值符合得比较好。利用该经验模式计算了北京地区1979年1月—1996年6月的臭氧总量,计算值与观测值同样比较一致,二者相对偏差的最大值、最小值、平均值分别为15.2%、0.05%和4.9%,相对偏差在±10%之内的比例为91.4%,因而该经验模式是合理、可行的。1991年之后北京地区臭氧的下降与Pinatubo火山气溶胶的影响有关。  相似文献   

浅基础水平场地砂土液化危害性评价     

宿文姬  刘利艳  林慧常  陈涛 《华南地震》2006,26(3):9-15

分析了《建筑抗震设计规范》中砂土液化危害性评价方法的不足,通过确立液化土层在不同震害模式情况下的液化震陷计算值,建立了以震陷值S为指标的浅基础水平场地地基液化危害性评价等级,得到了其评价程序.  相似文献   

Atmospheric Electrification in the Solar System     

Karen L. Aplin 《Surveys in Geophysics》2006,27(1):63-108

Atmospheric electrification is not a purely terrestrial phenomenon: all Solar System planetary atmospheres become slightly electrified by cosmic ray ionisation. There is evidence for lightning on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, and it is possible on Mars, Venus and Titan. Controversy surrounds the role of atmospheric electricity in physical climate processes on Earth; here, a comparative approach is employed to review the role of electrification in the atmospheres of other planets and their moons. This paper reviews the theory, and, where available, measurements, of planetary atmospheric electricity which is taken to include ion production and ion–aerosol interactions. The conditions necessary for a planetary atmospheric electric circuit similar to Earth’s, and the likelihood of meeting these conditions in other planetary atmospheres, are briefly discussed. Atmospheric electrification could be important throughout the solar system, particularly at the outer planets which receive little solar radiation, increasing the relative significance of electrical forces. Nucleation onto atmospheric ions has been predicted to affect the evolution and lifetime of haze layers on Titan, Neptune and Triton. Atmospheric electrical processes on Titan, before the arrival of the Huygens probe, are summarised. For planets closer to Earth, heating from solar radiation dominates atmospheric circulations. However, Mars may have a global circuit analogous to the terrestrial model, but based on electrical discharges from dust storms. There is an increasing need for direct measurements of planetary atmospheric electrification, in particular on Mars, to assess the risk for future unmanned and manned missions. Theoretical understanding could be increased by cross-disciplinary work to modify and update models and parameterisations initially developed for a specific atmosphere, to make them more broadly applicable to other planetary atmospheres.  相似文献   

On the Nonlinear Response of Lower Stratospheric Ozone to NOx and CIOx Perturbations for Different CH4 Sources     

王革丽  杨培才 《大气科学进展》2006,23(5):750-757

The impact of sulfate aerosol, ClOx and NOx perturbations for two different magnitudes of CH4 sources on lower stratospheric ozone is studied by using a heterogeneous chemical system that consists of 19 species belonging to 5 chemical families （oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and carbon）. The results show that the present modeled photochemical system can present several different solutions, for instance, periodic states and multi-equilibrium states appearing in turn under certain parameter domains, through chlorine chemistry and nitrogen chemistry together with sulfate aerosol as well as the increasing magnitude of CH4 sources. The existence of catastrophic transitions could produce a dramatic reduction in the ozone concentration with the increase of external sources.  相似文献   

常德张家界高速公路某大桥桥基砂土液化评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王峻  王兰民 《工程地质学报》2006,14(3):327-332

结合常德张家界高速公路某大桥桥基工程,在DSD160型电磁式振动三轴试验仪上,通过往返加荷三轴试验,对饱和砂土进行了液化试验研究,探讨了基于动三轴液化试验结果判断饱和砂土液化的方法。并尝试了这种室内研究反应分析的液化可能性估计方法与地震剪应力时程相结合的综合判断方法。在该高速公路大桥桥基的饱和砂土液化评价中,采用这种综合判断方法,对大桥桥基砂土液化进行了判断。在判断场地是否液化后,对其液化危害程度进行了等级划分,给出了该工程场地在未来遭受到不同超越概率下的地震作用时发生液化的危害程度,得到了一些有工程实用意义的结果。  相似文献